It is almost cliché today to talk about masculinities in the plural rather than in the singular form of masculinity.  The plural form intends to recognize that maleness is defined in different ways, in different times, across different cultures.  The plural form is a welcome change.  We will make sure that we walk what we talk here and spend considerable time thinking about masculinities in terms of place, space, race, sexuality, and class.  Masculinity is never general or generic.

You have many articles to choose from here.  Choose any ONE.  Please remember that these are largely research articles published in peer-reviewed journals.  Some of you will have done a LOT of that kind of reading by now; others of you have not.  It all depends on your major and your year in college.

Take your reading slow here… really sink in.

Here are your choices (click on title and you will be taken to the article):

1. Keith Bryant Alexander: “Passing, Cultural Performance, and Individual Agency: Performative Reflections on Black Masculine Identity” (2004)
2. Rudolfo Anaya: ” ‘I’m the King’: The Macho Image” (1996) ***
3. Eric Anderson: “The Center of Masculine Production: Gay Athletes in Professional Sports” (2008) ***
4. Leslie Baker-Kimmons and Pancho McFarland: “The Rap on Chicano and Black Masculinity: A Content Analysis of Gender Images in Rap Lyrics” (2011)
5. Sharon Bird: “Welcome to the Men’s Club: Homosociality and the Maintenance of Hegemonic Masculinity” (1996)
6. Todd Boyd:  “A Small Introduction to the ‘G’ Funk Era: Gangsta Rap and Black Masculinity in Contemporary Los Angeles” (1997)
7. Jeffrey Brown: “Comic Book Masculinity and the New Black Superhero” (1999)
8. Judith Butler: "Why Do Men Kill Trans Women? Gender Theorist Judith Butler Explain" (2015) ***
9. Ben Carrington: “Sport, Masculinity, and Black Cultural Resistance” (1998)
10. Omar Castañeda: “Guatemalan Macho Oratory” (1996) ***
11. Arthur Chu: “Your Princess Is in Another Castle: Misogyny, Entitlement, and Nerds” (2014) ***
12. Raewyn Connell and James Messerschmidt: "Hegemonic Masculinity" (2012)  ***start at the bottom of the page
13. S.D. Crimson: The Trouble With Hero Worship: Is #TeamKillmonger Also #TeamToxicMasculinity?
14. Gail Dines: “King Kong and the White Woman: Hustler Magazine and the Demonization of Black Masculinity” (1998)
15. Mike Donaldson: “What is Hegemonic Masculinity” (1993)  
16. Martín Espada: “The Puerto Rican… and the Dutiful Son” (1996) ***
17. Yen Le Espiritu: “All Men are not Created Equal: Asian men in US History” (2009) ***
18. Steve Estes: ” ‘I am a Man!’: Race, Masculinity, and the 1968 Memphis Sanitation Strike” (2000)
19. Judith Halberstam: “Mackdaddy, Superfly, Rapper: Gender, Race, and Masculinity in the Drag Queen Scene” (1997)
20. Ray Hibbins: “Male Gender Identities Among Chinese Male Migrants” (2003)
21. Ronald Jackson, II: “Black ‘Manhood’ as Xenophobe: an Ontological Exploration of the Hegelian Dialectic” (1997)
22. Tseen Khoo: ” ‘Angry Yellow Men’: Cultural Space for Diasporic Chinese Masculinities” (2003)
23. Michael Kimmel: “Invisible Masculinities” (2005) ***
24. Anthony Lemelle, Jr. and Juan Battle: “Black Masculinity Matters in Attitudes toward Gay Males” (2004)
25. Kam Louie: “Chinese, Japanese and Global Masculinities” (2003)
26. Kylan Mattias de Vries: "Transgender People of Color at the Center: Conceptualizing a New Intersectional Model" (2014)
27. Mark McLelland: "Gay Men, Masculinity and the Media in Japan” (2003)
28. Michael Messner: "Becoming 100% Straight" (2008) ***
29. Avital Norman Nathman: “Pink Scare: What’s behind the Media Panic about ‘Princess Boys'” (2011) ***
30. Edward Ndopu: "Musings from a Queercrip Femme Man of Color" (2013) ***
31. Amy Abugo Ongiri: “We are Family: Black Nationalism, Black Masculinity, and the Black Gay Cultural Imagination” (1997)
32. The Opportunity Agenda: "Media Representations and Impact on the Lives of Black Men and Boys" (2011)
33. C. J. Pascoe: ” ‘Dude, You’re a Fag’: Adolescent Masculinity and the Fag Discourse” (2009)
34. Marlon T. Riggs: “Black Macho Revisited: Reflections of a Snap! Queen” (1991) ***
35. Victor Rios: “The Consequences of the Criminal Justice Pipeline on Black and Latino Masculinity” (2009)
36. G.W. Roberts:  “Brother to Brother: African-American Modes of Relating among Men” (1994)
37. Victoria Robinson: “Men, Masculinities, and Feminism” (2008)
38. Luis Rodriguez: “On Macho” (1996)
39. Marlon Ross: “In Search of Black Men’s Masculinities” (1998)
40. Jennifer Domino Rudolph:”Mapping Masculatinidad” (2012) ***
41. Jennifer Domino Rudolph: “ ‘Roncamos porque podemos’: Gender, Violence, Redemption, and Latinidad in the Persona and Reggaetón of Don Omar” (2012)
42. Jennifer Domino Rudolph: “ ‘The Hit Man from Washington’: (Trans)national Latino Masculinities in Major League Baseball” (2012)
43. Don Sabo: “The Myth of the Sexual Athlete” (2007) ***
44. Don Sabo: “Masculinities and Men’s Health: Moving Toward Post-Superman Era Prevention” (2007)
45. Arthur Saint-Aubin: “A Grammar of Black Masculinity: A Body of Science” (2002)
46. Arthur Saint-Aubin: “Testeria: the Dis-ease of Black Men in White Supremacist, Patriarchal Culture” (1994)
47. Christine Williams: “The Glass Escalator: Hidden Advantages for Men in the ‘Female’ Professions” (2009) 

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Like before, you can choose a documentary, lecture, or discussion below instead of an article (watch the entire thing):

stay tuned for more video choices here. . .

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The reading list on this webpage will be continually updated. Feel free to make suggestions!  You will also note that Jigsaw readings have been repeated across multiple units since the writers are not addressing single issues.  Please note: you cannot read the same text twice simply because it reappears in our jigsaw choices.