Teaching Suggestions for Middle School
(Grades 6-8
(Grades 6-8
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Phillis Wheatley
by Emily Smith This 32-page multimedia book for middle school readers and writers tells about the life of Phillis Wheatley Peters. It has a social studies focus that features colored primary materials about slavery and the American Revolution.
This book may require further knowledge-building around the following: black codes, the Great Awakening, Crispus Attucks, Boston Tea Party, and the American Revolution. The book closes with a discussion of how Wheatley Peters's life may have been different if she were a slave in the South rather than in Boston. However, we'd encourage teachers to resist any urge to quantify and compare the horrors of slavery; we'd also encourage all readers to resist automatically equating the North with racial equality. Follow-up discussions and writing activities might include students' own personal responses to Wheatley Peters's life and poetry alongside images/primary source materials of the time. Please consider having middle school readers and writers submit these writing/drawing activities to the 2023 DFW-Writes-WheatleyPeters Contest (click here for more). |
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Phillis Wheatley: Poet (Junior World Biographies)
by Victoria Sherrow 
This 80-page book for younger middle school readers and writers tells about the life of Phillis Wheatley Peters. It includes over fifteen black and white images that act as primary source material. It especially highlights Wheatley Peters's life in the context of the American Revolution.
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Revolutionary Poet: A Story about Phillis Wheatley (A Creative Minds Biography)
by Maryann Weidt 
This 64-page book for younger middle school readers and writers tells about the life of Phillis Wheatley Peters. It includes over eleven black-and-white, beautifully drawn illustrations.
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Please consider having middle school readers and writers submit their responses to these books to the 2023 DFW-Writes-WheatleyPeters Contest (click here for more).
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Phillis Wheatley: Young Revolutionary Poet (Young Patriots Series)
by Kathryn Borland This 120-page book is written as historical fiction and tells about the life of Phillis Wheatley Peters.
Chapter eight of this book connects the American Revolution with Wheatley Peters's poem: "To the Right Honorable William, Earl of Dartmouth" (click here for the poem). In the chapter, Phillis reads the poem aloud and thereby introduces readers to the actual words of the poem. For a dramatization of "To the Right Honorable William, Earl of Dartmouth," click here. This is a video that includes reflections on the appointment of William, Earl of Dartmouth, by Phillis Wheatley, 1772, and the 1773 Petition for Manumission from Felix to Governor Hutchinson. Follow-up discussions might ask students to think about the ways Wheatley Peters's experience of slavery influences her discussion of liberty. Students might also read from the famous American poet, Cornelius Eady, who wrote a poem in honor of the mother Phillis never saw again (click here). Perhaps, students might write a poem to her mother or family the way Cornelius Eady has. Please consider having middle school readers and writers submit these writing/drawing activities to the 2023 DFW-Writes-WheatleyPeters Contest (click here for more). |
For a text about African Americans and the American Revolution for middle school readers and writers, please see Answering the Cry for Freedom: Stories of African Americans and the American Revolution by Gretchen Woelfle (2016). For the introduction and section of the book dedicated to Phillis Wheatley Peters, click here.
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A Voice of Her Own: The Story of Phillis Wheatley, Slave Poet (Candlewick Biographies)
by Kathryn Lasky This 48-page book for middle school readers and writers tells about the life of Phillis Wheatley Peters. It begins with her life in slavery and ends in 1774 by describing how well Wheatley Peters's books sold.
This book presents the story of Phillis Wheatley Peters's life in an engaging narrative. It ends with the arrival of a shipment of 300 of her books to Boston in 1774. Had the books arrived a few months later, no one would have been able to retrieve them since the Boston Harbor was blockaded. Ten years later, in 1784, Wheatley wrote "Liberty and Peace." Follow-up discussions and writing activities could focus on this final poem and the ways students might imagine how Wheatley Peters reached these later reflections. Please consider having middle school readers and writers submit these writing/drawing activities to the 2023 DFW-Writes-WheatleyPeters Contest (click here for more). |
Historical Fiction Books
These books might challenge some middle school readers and writers but offer a good glimpse into historical fiction.
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Hang a Thousand Trees with Ribbons: The Story of Phillis Wheatley by Ann Rinaldi
This 352-page book tells about the life of Phillis Wheatley Peters and is written especially for young adults. The genre is historical fiction and can be incorporated across humanities and social science classrooms. This book might serve as a good text for literature circles or can be excerpted for a whole class. Click here for the first two chapters of the book. |
My Name Is Phillis Wheatley: A Story of Slavery and Freedom by Afua Cooper
This 152-page book tells about the life of Phillis Wheatley Peters and is written especially for young adults. It is told from the voice of Phillis Wheatley Peters and opens by imagining her African family as possible griots given her brilliance with words. Students might read this book as a great way to also examine the difficulty of first-person narration. The genre is historical fiction and can be incorporated across humanities and social science classrooms. This book might serve as a good text for literature circles or can be excerpted for a whole class. Click here for the first two chapters of the book. |
Students might consider the critical role of historical fiction in imagining Phillis Wheatley Peters's life and poetry. Please consider having middle school readers and writers submit their projects related to these books to the 2023 DFW-Writes-WheatleyPeters Contest (click here for more).
More Books that Incorporate Vivid, Historical Primary Source Materials to Tell Phillis Wheatley Peters's Life Story
112-pages of biographical and historical information in full color published in 2017 (includes a timeline, glossary, further reading, source notes, bibliography, and critical thinking)
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110-pages of biographical and historical information with black&white images published in 1988 (includes further reading and chronology)
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112-pages of biographical and historical information in full color published in 2003 (includes a timeline, glossary, further reading, and bibliography)
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Questions Posed by Robin Doak
Author of The Inspiring Life Story of Phillis Wheatley: American Poet
Author of The Inspiring Life Story of Phillis Wheatley: American Poet
Phillis Wheatley Peters won her freedom from slavery, but her life as a free woman was still difficult. Why do you think this was the case? Phillis Wheatley Peters also supported the American Independence Movement and wrote poetry about it, but the freedom and independence gained after the war did not apply to her and African Americans. What would that have felt like and why? Please consider having middle school readers and writers submit these responses to the 2023 DFW-Writes-PWP Contest (click here for more).
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Project IdeasWrite a letter or poem to Phillis Wheatley like this TUMBLR account from 2012 (click here for examples) that you will turn into a pocket book. These letters were part of Alexis Pauline Gumbs's Pocket Poetry Prayer Meeting in 2012 where writers gathered to produce poems. Together, they produced a box-set of tiny origami books of poems dedicated to Wheatley Peters to send out into the world. Please consider having middle school readers and writers submit these writing/drawing activities to the 2023 DFW-Writes-WheatleyPeters Contest (click here for more).
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